Question 1 · Diseases & disorders Real photo
Checking the reference image against the contest-quality gate…
Identify the item shown. Foot Rot Sooty Mold Alternaria Leaf Spot Salt or Fertilizer Burn
Question 2 · Rootstocks Real photo
Checking the reference image against the contest-quality gate…
Identify the item shown. Goatweed Temple Leaf Rootstock vs. Scion Pigweed
Question 3 · Written Knowledge Memory cue
Which memory cue belongs with Written Exam Format? Sample soil + roots before treatment. No soil ride-alongs between groves. 15 questions; MC, matching or true-false. Start clean: certified trees.
Question 4 · Weeds Visible clue
Which item matches this clue? Look for an upright tough-stemmed weed with narrow toothed leaves and small yellow hibiscus-like flowers. Teaweed Jerusalem Oak Torpedograss Virginia Pepperweed
Question 5 · Weeds Memory cue
Which memory cue belongs with Lambsquarter? Jerusalem oak = lobed aromatic weed. Lambsquarter = goosefoot leaf + floury coating. Pigweed = upright amaranth + dense green spike. Balsam apple = lobed vine + warty orange fruit.
Question 6 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Visible clue
Which item matches this clue? Look for a small, round-to-oval lime with a thin rind; ripe fruit can turn yellow and is commonly seedy. Murcott (Honey Tangerine) Flame Grapefruit Key Lime Orlando Tangelo
Question 7 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Real photo
Checking the reference image against the contest-quality gate…
Identify the item shown. Bearss Lemon Swingle Citrumelo Temple Leaf Volkamer Lemon
Question 8 · Diseases & disorders Visible clue
Which item matches this clue? Look for sharply defined translucent or water-soaked-looking patches between veins that later turn tan or necrotic. Sooty Mold Citrus Black Spot Mesophyll Collapse Green Mold (Post Harvest)
Question 9 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Memory cue
Which memory cue belongs with Ray Ruby Grapefruit? Temple leaf = medium-broad blade + moderate wing. Fallglo = large, bright early mandarin. Cleopatra = mandarin-type single leaf, not trifoliate. Ray Ruby = deep red grapefruit; don't trust rind alone.
Question 10 · Diseases & disorders Reverse clue
Which clue best identifies Citrus Scab? Look for scaling, shelling or cracking bark on susceptible rootstock tissue below the bud union, often with dwarfing. Look for decline or quick decline on susceptible rootstocks; stem pitting and vein symptoms may occur in some hosts. Look for raised corky, wart-like lesions that distort young leaves and fruit. Look for firm brown leathery fruit decay, often beginning on fruit low in the canopy after wet conditions.
Question 11 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Reverse clue
Which clue best identifies Key Lime? Look for a round to slightly flattened tangelo, generally without the dramatic neck of Minneola. Confirm grapefruit size, then use the interior: Flame is a red-fleshed grapefruit with very few seeds. Look for a medium, deep-orange, slightly flattened tangerine with a tighter peel than Satsuma. Look for a small, round-to-oval lime with a thin rind; ripe fruit can turn yellow and is commonly seedy.
Question 12 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Visible clue
Which item matches this clue? Look for a very small orange citrus fruit, often oval, with a proportionally thick sweet peel. Carrizo Citrange Calamondin Kumquat Cleopatra Mandarin
Question 13 · Written Knowledge Memory cue
Which memory cue belongs with Swingle and C35 Nematode Resistance? 15 questions; MC, matching or true-false. No soil ride-alongs between groves. Swingle + C35 resist citrus nematode. Sandy soil + uneven rain = irrigation matters.
Question 14 · Plant ID Scientific name
What botanical name matches Balsam Apple Vine? Lepidium virginicum Momordica charantia Richardia spp. Urochloa platyphylla
Question 15 · Pests, Pathogens, Parasites & Predators Reverse clue
Which clue best identifies Purple Scale? Look for a curved elongated mussel-shell scale cover that is dark purple-brown. Look for a large snout weevil with bold black-and-cream/yellow/orange striping or scale patterns. Look for tiny pale yellow-green mites with two dark dorsal spots, often with fine webbing. Look for evidence of the beneficial fungus on rust mites—infected tiny mites may appear coated or anchored by whitish fungal growth.
Question 16 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Visible clue
Which item matches this clue? Look for grapefruit size with pink-to-red flesh and a possible pink blush on the rind. Orange Leaf Ruby Red Grapefruit Bearss Lemon Carrizo Citrange
Question 17 · Pests, Pathogens, Parasites & Predators Real photo
Checking the reference image against the contest-quality gate…
Identify the item shown. Citrus Mealybug Citrus Leafminer Asian Citrus Psyllid Southern Green Stink Bug
Question 18 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Real photo
Checking the reference image against the contest-quality gate…
Identify the item shown. Orange Leaf Kumquat Temple Orange Persian Lime
Question 19 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Memory cue
Which memory cue belongs with Orlando Tangelo? Kumquat = tiny orange fruit, often oval. Cara Cara = navel outside, pink-red flesh inside. Sour orange = broad petiole wing. Orlando = round tangelo.
Question 20 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Look-alike
Look-alike check: Use blade proportions and petiole/wing traits together; never identify from one feature alone. Which item matches this clue? Look for a medium oval citrus leaf with a narrow wing on the petiole. Orlando Tangelo Leaf Orange Leaf Grapefruit Leaf Lemon Leaf
Question 21 · Pests, Pathogens, Parasites & Predators Reverse clue
Which clue best identifies Asian Citrus Psyllid? Look for a tiny mottled brown wedge-shaped adult feeding with its rear end raised at about a 45-degree angle; nymphs are yellow-orange on new flush. Look for the giant swallowtail caterpillar that mimics bird droppings with mottled brown, white and orange markings. Look for a microscopic threadlike roundworm or for feeder-root damage associated with citrus slow decline. Look for a dark brown-to-black domed oval scale with a characteristic raised H-like ridge on the back.
Question 22 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Reverse clue
Which clue best identifies Temple Orange? Look for a lemon-like rootstock fruit with a distinctly coarse, rough or pebbled rind. Look for a deep orange-red, round-to-slightly-flattened tangor with a somewhat pebbled rind. Look for a round to slightly flattened tangelo, generally without the dramatic neck of Minneola. Look for an elliptic leaf with little or no petiole wing and a slightly toothed margin; young growth may be reddish.
Question 23 · Diseases & disorders Visible clue
Which item matches this clue? Look for brown decayed feeder roots together with a thinning, yellowing canopy and poor vigor. Root Rot Magnesium Deficiency Sooty Mold Wind Scar
Question 24 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Visible clue
Which item matches this clue? First confirm the navel at the blossom end; when cut, the flesh is pink to red rather than standard orange. Ruby Red Grapefruit Cara Cara Navel Ray Ruby Grapefruit Lemon Leaf
Question 25 · Rootstocks, Leaves & Fruit Reverse clue
Which clue best identifies Sour Orange? Look for grapefruit size with pink-to-red flesh and a possible pink blush on the rind. First confirm the navel at the blossom end; when cut, the flesh is pink to red rather than standard orange. Look for very small round orange fruit—much smaller than a typical mandarin. Look for an orange-like fruit and a leaf with a broad, obvious winged petiole.