Weeds ●
Bahiagrass Paspalum notatum
Look first Look for the distinctive seedhead with two (sometimes three) racemes forming a V or Y shape.
Closest check Bermudagrass has several finger-like seed spikes from one point; signalgrass has racemes along a main stem.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Bahiagrass = V-shaped seedhead.
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Balsam Apple Vine Momordica charantia
Look first Look for a tendril-climbing vine with deeply lobed leaves and warty orange fruit that splits open to show bright red seed coverings.
Closest check Morning glory has trumpet flowers and simpler heart/arrow leaves; Virginia creeper has five leaflets.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Balsam apple = lobed vine + warty orange fruit.
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Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon
Look first Look for a fine-textured creeping grass with stolons/rhizomes and several finger-like seed spikes radiating from one point.
Closest check Bahiagrass usually has only two V-shaped seed racemes.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Bermuda = creeping mat + finger seedhead.
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Black Nightshade Solanum americanum
Look first Look for alternate oval leaves, small white star-shaped flowers and clusters of shiny black berries when mature.
Closest check Pokeberry has much larger plants, red-purple stems and long drooping berry clusters.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Nightshade = white stars + black berries.
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Spanish Needles Bidens alba
Look first Look for opposite toothed leaves and small daisy heads with yellow centers; mature seeds are narrow black needles with barbed tips.
Closest check Ragweed has deeply divided leaves and inconspicuous green flowers, not white daisy rays.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Spanish needles = little daisy + barbed black seeds.
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Common Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Look first Look for deeply divided fern-like leaves and upright green flower spikes with no showy petals.
Closest check Dogfennel is even finer/threadier and more bushy; Spanish needles has obvious daisy flowers.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Ragweed = ferny leaf + green spike.
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Cypress Vine Morning Glory Ipomoea quamoclit
Look first Look for a twining vine with extremely finely divided feathery leaves and small red star/trumpet flowers.
Closest check Common morning glory has broad heart/arrow leaves rather than fernlike foliage.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Cypress vine = morning glory with fern leaves.
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Dogfennel Eupatorium capillifolium
Look first Look for tall upright growth covered in very fine threadlike, feathery foliage.
Closest check Ragweed leaves are divided but broader and more obviously lobed; dogfennel reads as a soft green plume.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Dogfennel = tall feathery plume.
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Goatweed Scoparia dulcis
Look first Look for an upright branching weed with small narrow serrated leaves and tiny pale flowers.
Closest check Teaweed/Sida has tougher woody stems and small yellow hibiscus-like flowers.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Goatweed = small serrated leaves + tiny pale flowers.
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Guineagrass Megathyrsus maximus
Look first Look for a tall coarse bunchgrass with broad blades and a large open branched seed panicle.
Closest check Johnsongrass also grows tall but commonly shows a strong white midrib and rhizomatous patches.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Guineagrass = giant bunchgrass + open panicle.
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Jerusalem Oak Dysphania ambrosioides
Look first Look for irregularly lobed aromatic leaves and clusters of tiny green flowers on an upright branching plant.
Closest check Lambsquarter leaves are more goosefoot-shaped with a mealy gray coating on new growth.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Jerusalem oak = lobed aromatic weed.
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Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense
Look first Look for a tall rhizomatous grass with broad leaves, a conspicuous pale/white midrib and a large open often purplish panicle.
Closest check Guineagrass is a bunchgrass without the same strong white-midvein/rhizome combination.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Johnsongrass = white midrib + big open panicle.
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Lambsquarter Chenopodium album
Look first Look for triangular/goosefoot-shaped leaves with irregular teeth and a whitish mealy coating on young leaves.
Closest check Pigweed lacks the powdery mealy surface and usually has denser green flower spikes.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Lambsquarter = goosefoot leaf + floury coating.
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Lantana Lantana camara
Look first Look for opposite rough serrated leaves, square-ish stems and tight clusters of small multi-colored tubular flowers.
Closest check Pentas also clusters flowers but has smoother lance leaves and star-shaped blooms.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Lantana = rough leaf + multicolor flower cluster.
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Milkweed Vine Morrenia odorata
Look first Look for a twining vine with opposite heart-shaped leaves and milky sap when damaged.
Closest check Morning glory often has similar heart-shaped leaves but lacks the milky sap and has obvious trumpet flowers.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Milkweed vine = heart leaf + milk sap.
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Morning Glory Ipomoea spp.
Look first Look for a twining vine with heart- or arrow-shaped leaves and large funnel/trumpet flowers.
Closest check Cypress vine morning glory has finely divided feathery leaves; milkweed vine has milky sap.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Morning glory = twining heart leaf + trumpet.
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Nutsedge Cyperus spp.
Look first Roll the stem: sedges have solid triangular stems with glossy leaves arranged in three ranks and an umbrella-like seedhead.
Closest check True grasses such as bermudagrass and bahiagrass have round/flattened jointed stems, not triangular stems.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Nutsedge = sedges have edges.
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Peppervine Ampelopsis arborea
Look first Look for a woody vine with compound leaves made of toothed leaflets and clusters of berries that mature blue-black.
Closest check Virginia creeper has a consistent five-leaflet hand shape; peppervine leaflets are arranged differently in compound leaves.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Peppervine = toothed compound leaf + berry clusters.
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Pigweed Amaranthus spp.
Look first Look for an upright Amaranthus with alternate simple leaves and dense green flower/seed spikes.
Closest check Lambsquarter has a whitish mealy coating; pokeberry is much larger with purple berries and red stems.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Pigweed = upright amaranth + dense green spike.
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Pokeberry Phytolacca americana
Look first Look for a large coarse plant with thick reddish-purple stems and long drooping clusters of purple-black berries.
Closest check Black nightshade is much smaller and has small berry clusters, not long racemes on red stems.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Pokeberry = red stem + hanging purple berry strings.
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Pusley Richardia spp.
Look first Look for a low spreading mat with opposite rough/hairy leaves and tiny white star-like flowers.
Closest check Goatweed is more upright; pusley hugs the ground and branches outward.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Pusley = low hairy mat + tiny white stars.
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Sandbur Cenchrus echinatus
Look first Look for a grass bearing hard spiny burs that readily stick to clothing, fur or skin.
Closest check Other grasses may have bristly seedheads, but sandbur makes distinct painful burr clusters.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Sandbur = grass with sticker burs.
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Signalgrass Urochloa platyphylla
Look first Look for a broad-leaved creeping/decumbent grass with several seedhead branches carrying rows of spikelets along one side.
Closest check Bermudagrass has finer leaves and finger-like spokes from one point; bahiagrass has a simple V seedhead.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Signalgrass = broad grass + rowed racemes.
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Teaweed Sida acuta
Look first Look for an upright tough-stemmed weed with narrow toothed leaves and small yellow hibiscus-like flowers.
Closest check Goatweed has much smaller pale flowers and finer branching; teaweed looks more woody and mallow-like.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Teaweed = tough sida stem + tiny yellow mallow flower.
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Torpedograss Panicum repens
Look first Look for a stiff creeping perennial grass spreading by pointed rhizomes, with narrow leaves and a sparse open panicle.
Closest check Bermudagrass is finer-textured with finger-like seedheads; torpedograss is coarser and aggressively rhizomatous.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Torpedograss = tough rhizomes + sparse panicle.
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Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Look first Look for a woody climbing vine with five leaflets radiating from one point and tendrils for climbing.
Closest check Peppervine has compound leaves too but not the classic five-finger leaflet arrangement.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Virginia creeper = five-finger vine.
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Virginia Pepperweed Lepidium virginicum
Look first Look for a basal rosette that bolts into branched stems bearing many tiny white flowers and flat round/oval seedpods.
Closest check The small peppery seedpods and tiny white flowers separate it from grasses and leafy broadleaf weeds.
Contest habit name the visible symptom, structure or damage pattern before you name the item.
Memory cue Pepperweed = tiny white flowers + little flat pods.
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